Japan's high-technology miracle in an industrial society can largely be attributed to the vigorous R&D investment of its industry sector. Japan's industry R&D intensity ranks second after Sweden in the 30 OECD countries, while the ratio of government to industry R&D is the lowest. This demonstrates the Japanese government's explicit inducing function with respect to the vigorous R&D of industry. While Japan's economic stagnation in an information society as a result of the "lost decade" of the 1990s revealed the limit of the foregoing inducing function in a new paradigm and necessitated a new type of inducing dynamism, a noteworthy surge in innovation in recent years in the leading-edge activities of Japanese high-technology firms suggests a possibility of adaptive efficiency of Japan's national innovation system toward a service oriented economy. Aiming at examining such a possibility, this paper attempts a comparative analysis of the inducing power of government R&D with respect to industry R&D in five industrialized countries. Given a new paradigm, the focus of the analysis is to examine inducing dynamism having qualitative rather than quantitative impacts that may be leveraged by the government's R&D budget. An empirical analysis demonstrated that the Japanese government's R&D budget appropriation toward diversification triggered by the First Science & Technology Basic Plan in 1996 functioned well in constructing a virtuous cycle. This lead to contributing to industry's R&D efficiency, thereby contributing to GDP growth. This finding provides a constructive suggestion regarding firm competitiveness strategy toward a service oriented economy.
 

The paradigm shift in delivery of software applications from a shrink wrapped / licensed form to a more end- user friendly 'service' was fuelled by the opportunity that the Small and Medium size Businesses (SMBs) created. It created a way to deliver the existing software applications to new markets or serve existing markets in a new cost effective way. The bottom line being, customers who do not have the expertise or capital budget to purchase, install, and manage applications, can subscribe to hosted services for a recurring fee. This model came as a fresh dose of energy to an otherwise matured model, but brought with it a lot of complexities which a service provider will have to address. Key concerns include pricing of such pay-per-use models. The paper has attempted to address the concerns of the service provider, while pricing such services, by delving deep into their internal perceptions as well as extraneous intended end -user perceptions.
 

The purpose of this research was to examine whether or not firms in a lessregulated industry with high competition exhibit expense preference behaviour, originally posited by Williamson (1963) with regards to interest expense. We used the restaurant industry to examine this issue because the restaurant industry is very sensitive to changes in market conditions due to its low profit margin. Interest expenses are exogenously determined and can have a serious impact on the profitability of the restaurant firms. The major finding of this paper shows that 'other expenses' increase along with interest expense. Managers do exhibit expense preference behaviour.
 

Internships form an important aspect of the graduate/undergraduate programmes. They are instrumental in formulating the key competencies required by the graduates at the time of final placements. Internships are imperative in mapping the personal characteristics of the student’s vis-à-vis the requirements of the industry and give them a feel about the working conditions. This paper aims to investigate the experience of the interns and compare it with their expectations and highlights how smoothly they can be transformed into hospitality professionals. This is done with the help of the ServQual instrument applied for the internship program for students undergoing training in India and United Kingdom. The factors impacting the internship for the students are highlighted with the help of factor analysis and recommendations for the industry and academia are highlighted.
 

Guna is one of the primal constructs of human behaviour, as perceived by Indian philosophers. The present research work is a renewed attempt to understand one of the complex and controversial constructs of Indian Philosophy, with the help of modern statistical architecture. The author undertook multi-sample studies to explore the various Guna constructs, available for scrutiny. The author utilised a confirmatory framework to evaluate two scales, which reportedly measures the Guna construct with the help of two different samples, collected from three five star hotels, one budget hotel, one leading retailer in India, and one multinational bank, operating in India. The author has made a confirmatory assessment of the two constructs, using a structural equation modelling. The research work affirms the robustness of the construct, as professed by Indian philosophers. Though these measurement tools appeared to be robust, they require further refinement in terms of connotation, depth and interpretability. This basic work will indeed open up the possibility of utilization of the said framework in other studies. The author believes that his present effort will work as an invitation to Indian authors for further investigation. For example, this framework can be utilised with other organizational outcomes to evaluate to as to what extent Gunas, located in every, individuals, influences employees' perceptions, motives and motivations. As this framework is more holistic it has the potential to explain the behaviour of Indian managers more profoundly.
 

Customers weigh service failures more heavily than outcomes of services received. These service failures are the main cause of customer switching behavior. Service recovery is one of the alternatives to restore customer satisfaction with the organization. In this study we propose a framework to investigate the impact of service failure and recovery procedures on customer satisfaction and their behavioral intentions based on equity and social exchange theory. According to these theories customers' perceived justice plays significant role in shaping customer satisfaction after service failure and recovery. The study intends to examine the effect of procedural justice, distributive justice, interactional justice and severity of service failure on customer satisfaction and to examine whether a service recovery paradox exists or not. This article describes the development and refinement of the measure to assess service recovery and its impact on behavioral intentions. The study examines the reliability, internal consistency and validity of the scale. The study resulted in 33 item scale which measures behavioral intentions of customers after seeking redress.
 

India, famous for its software outsourcing service, has achieved high growth rates in software exports in recent ten years. The figure of Indian software export destination shows that the US has been the dominant destination for more than a decade. The US is overall India's largest customer in this sense. In other words, Indian software export is heavily dependent on the US market. Risks exist in software outsourcing market not only for outsourcers but also for software outsourcing service vendors. Thus, risk awareness and risk avoidance, in a word, risk management is undoubtedly very crucial for the sustainable development of software industry. From the perspective of risk management, this paper provides to give some suggestions for software outsourcing service vendors by means of the portfolio analysis of India's software export market constitution. Though it is a simple two-market portfolio analysis model, the implications are significant for raising outsourcing service vendors' awareness in risk management, future market strategy and industrial development.
 

This study attempts to investigate the relationship between service quality, overall customer satisfaction and behavioral intentions across public and private banks in India. The findings indicated that service quality is a significant determinant of customer satisfaction in Indian banking industry irrespective of public and private sector banks. However, different dimensions of service quality were found to be statistically significant across public and private banks. Customer satisfaction was found to be strongly associated with propensity to recommend. The study will help banks to redefine their corporate image to one that is customer-focused and driven by service quality.